In gauging the suitability of a particular light source, the important parameters are structure (the spatial distribution of light, source geometry, coherence, and alignment), the wavelength distribution, spatial and temporal stability, brightness, and to what degree these various parameters can be controlled. Light Sources for Optical Microscopy - The performance of the various illumination sources available for optical microscopy depends on the emission characteristics and geometry of the source, as well as the focal length, magnification and numerical aperture of the collector lens system.
Starting with the nature of electromagnetic radiation, a wide variety of topics are covered in this section, including refraction, reflection, diffraction, interference, birefringence, polarization, primary colors, human vision, mirrors, prisms, beamsplitters, laser systems, geometrical optics, filtration, color temperature, and the speed of light.Īnatomy of the Microscope - A thorough discussion of the elements that comprise modern microscopes and theories behind important concepts such as magnification, image formation, objective specifications, Köhler illumination, optical aberrations, immersion media, light sources, eyepieces, condensers, and ergonomics, among others. The complex phenomenon of visible light is classically discussed in terms of rays and wavefronts. Physics of Light and Color - Visible light represents only a small portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum of radiation that extends from high-frequency gamma rays through X-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared radiation and microwaves to very low frequency long-wavelength radio waves. This material is targeted for educational purposes only, and is not available to be posted on remote websites (either commercial or educational) or distributed in any electronic format.įrequently Asked Questions - Mortimer Abramowitz, senior microscopist at Olympus America Inc., answers the 50 most commonly asked questions about microscopy and photomicrography. In the Bibliography, we have included links to other works on optical microscopy and our section on Web Resources contains links to other microscopy sites on the Internet.
Optical expressions download#
In order to print the entire microscopy primer as a paper document, you must download each link independently, send the file to your printer, and put the results together. This treatise on optical microscopy is divided into several sections that are available through the links displayed immediately to the left (in the darker navigational boxes) and below. Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Introduction to Microscopy
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